Ti:Sapphire
As an optically
pumped solid-state laser crystal, titanium doped sapphire (Ti3 +: sapphire) is
widely used in wavelength tunable lasers. The tunable range is 650-1100 nm and
the peak value is 800 nm. It is the widest tunable laser crystal. The upper
state lifetime of titanium sapphire is as short as 3.2 milliseconds. Because of
its high saturation power, titanium sapphire is usually used as lamp, argon ion
laser or dual frequency pumped neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser.
Titanium sapphire laser adopts self-mode locking technology, which can directly
output laser pulses with pulse width less than 6.5fs, which is the narrowest
laser pulse of all lasers directly output from the resonator. Through dual
frequency technology, the wavelength of the laser beam can cover the broadband
from blue to deep ultraviolet. 193 nm laser has been used in lithography.
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